We all know how fun Twitter can be. Many people have fallen in love with this micro blogging site, and don’t really see anything that could go wrong. After all, who needs Twitter safety tips against a cute, bird logo?

Well, don’t be too caught up in your Twitter postings that you forget your safety. Remember that the Internet is still a prime target market for sexual predators, stalkers, fraudsters, scammers, hackers and people who want to do others harm. You might need these Twitter safety tips more than you realise, especially if you have just started to use twitter.

Just the other day, I chanced upon this TV interview of a young, popular actress who pointed out that someone has set up an account on Twitter, pretending to be her which leads me to…

Twitter Safety Tip # 1:  Don’t believe everything you read

Have we not learned from the past? The Internet, while not harmful by itself, is still a haven for individuals and groups that are up to no good.

After all, who can say that a 50-year-old pervert isn’t a cute, 15-year-old student from London when he sounds just like a 15-year old student from London? And that picture of him in that blue shirt just backs it up, right?

If you are inclined to believe this, then you need this Twitter safety tip more than anyone else. People who want to befriend you can easily make up lies on Twitter. Don’t think for a second that they wouldn’t take the time and effort to prattle away about their non-existent boring Algebra classes and upcoming winter dance if it meant making themselves more convincing.

Be aware that there are many fake profiles on twitter. Learn how to spot them. Firstly, you’ll notice that they have not posted much, and with links being shortened, its hard to see if your being sent to a real site or a dodgy site where you will be prone to a clickjacking attack/scam. Other things too look out for are the following and followers. Usually you can tell by looking if this is a real person or a fake. Also keep away from people sending tweets from API. Scammers/Spammers also follow each other, and may converse between themselves to make it look like they have actual friends. Be wary. A quick example of clickjacking. Click this link (its safe), but its shows you how an easy link can be spoofed.

The most common looking fake profile with low followers

Automated tweets from the Twitter API - Block these people

If you want to follow a celebrity, I suggest you look for the new Twitter Verified Account tag that’s added at the top right of a profile, and check out Valebrity for a huge list of validated celebs.

An official Verified Account

Last bits on this subject, there are lots of automated scripts out there that create fake profiles, bots that create fake posts and user accounts. So if you are unsure that this is a real person, do some investigating and look at their followers and see if any of them has ever had a proper conversation with this possible ‘fake’. If in doubt, don’t follow them back and block them.

A typical fake Profile. Notice there's no conversation, and low followers

Also beware of tweets and websites that claim Get 160,000 followers in a month, or words like that. Firstly, they don’t work, and secondly they are probably a scam.

Why? Well, once you click a link, you are directed to a website where you enter your Twitter login details. Now the scammers/spamers can send tweets from your account. Also, they may flood Twitter with thousands of messages. Twitter hates this and it will get your account locked and possibly deleted. If this happens and you still have access to your account, change your password immediately.

When visiting any website that is not directly affiliated or endorsed by twitter, be very careful when submitting your account details. You never know who owns the website or what they are using it for, so do some research first. Check the whois information for the site (this can also be faked), search twitter to see if other people are using the site (or even an app) and see if they seem to be sending spam tweets. If all is clear, then they are probably OK.

Never pay for a service that links to Twitter.

Twitter Safety Tip # 2: Don’t give out your location

I know that micro blogging is fun. There’s just something addicting about being able to post what you’re doing or what you’re feeling at this exact moment… and having hundreds, possibly thousands of followers seeing it.

If you have added people in Twitter who are not really your friends, then all the more reason to be careful. If you, for example, tweets that you’re stuck in the Starbucks near your home late at night, anyone could just take advantage of that information. Its only a matter of time until you turn on the TV and hear that someone is being stalked or has been attacked or murdered because they twitted their exact location, so be warned.

Lastly on this location tip. Be careful if you are using an iPhone and turn on the Location Option. It looks like this in a persons profile: 37.739705,-122.430799 and gives you the longitude and latitude of a persons iPhone. This can be used to track you. So turn this feature off.  In a test, I activated this feature on an iPhone with Twitterrific. With a laptop and mobile phone enabled with GPS Software I travelled miles away from home, where I left the iPhone switched on. I activated the Laptop and GPS, loaded my Twitter page and got the coordinates. I entered them into the GPS system and navigated the route to 20 meters from my doorstep. Anyone could do this with just a laptop and GPS Enabled phone. You can also go to Google Maps and copy and paste the longitude and latitude, this will also give the location. And with Street View, you can probably see where that person lives.

Twitter Safety Tip # 3: Don’t attract too much attention to yourself

Twittering that you have just received a gold bracelet from your boyfriend can also attract the wrong sort of followers to your account. Trust should not be so freely given on the Internet.

You might want to show it off on Twitter via TwitPic or some other image provider or host, but think about the possible risks. It might tempt others into doing something both you, and they, will regret.

As much fun as Twitter is, set a limit on how much private information you’re really broadcasting to the world. Many of you may be thinking, ‘yeah, whateverrrr’, or ‘yeah OK, this will never happen to me’. But never forego you’re safety,  and never let your guard down on the Internet. If you do, you’re a fool!

More protection…

When using twitter, I’d suggest using a 3rd party application like TweetDeck (which is my favorite twitter app) or CoTweet (which is my second fave). The reason for using a 3rd party application is that it uses Twitters API (Application programming interface) and you are less likely to get a trojan or virus from clicking on a users infected profile. Yes! You can also get a Trojan or Virus from using Twitter. A while back, Twitter was plagued by the ‘Mikeyy Worm‘ that infected you if you clicked on a profile that had been compromised by the Mikeyy worm. Incidentaly, the Mikeyy worm was actually written by Michael Mooney, a 17 year old kid and it crippled millions of Twitter accounts.

You can keep track of attacks on twitter here. And if you would like to report suspicious activity, a spammer or something that doesn’t look right, follow twitters Spam Team and then send them a tweet with your problem: http://twitter.com/spam and they should help. Also, if you have any real issues and you need support from Twitter, visit their ticketing system.

Twitter is not perfect and is riddled with security holes, and more are being discovered or exploited daily. For a platform that’s almost over 3 years old, the boffins at Twitter really should plug these holes, tighten up security and keep people safer. Don’t let this spoil your twitting experience though. As long as you keep safe whilst on twitter, and learn how to spot the fake profiles, you’ll have a great time.

If you have any Twitter tips you would like to share with us, please comment below and at some point I will include these in a list, and credit you.

Lastly, check out Sharon Hays’ Blog for tons of Twitter information. She’s a pure Twitter professional, lovely person and her blog will help you get used to Twitter if you are new. Also, checkout Twitter 101 for some excellent information.

Recent Twitter Bots/Scammers

I will update this section of this post as new scams, bots and strategies change, so keep popping back for updats…

You will notice that they are now having conversations. But with other bots and they use rubbish English like ‘Howz U doin‘,  ‘I did dat last wk‘ and so on. If you click on the people they are following, you will notice the same bad grammar and spellings. Some of these new spammers are also now mimicking or pretending to be up and coming actors/actresses and celebs.

3rd Party Application Spam

I’ve noticed that spammers are now creating profiles and posting tweets via TweetDeck and CoTweet as well as TwitterFeed. Again, there is no real conversation and the posts are riddled with useless links and random tweets. You may also notice that the spammers and bots are now using lists to make them look like normal people. Be wary.

New fake profile using TweetDeck and using Lists

True Twit

This is not a danger, but I wanted to update you with this cool utility. If you are plagued by Twitter spam (or Twam) and you have had enough, you can try True Twit. True Twit has been around a while now and what it does is to verify anyone following you. So, if for example, I follow you, I’m sent a DM to click a link to verify that I am in fact a cool human being and wants to follow you because I think your cool. I don’t have to enter any of my Twitter details either.

True Twit - Helping stop Twitter Spam

True Twit also has a few neat options behind the scenes, where you can send a verification note to anyone on your list to whom you think may is a spammer or may have a fake profile, they are then sent a DM to verify themselves. The message that is sent is customisable, or you can use the default message. You can also unfollow people too. Signup today and help stop the spam.

http://www.truetwit.com.

Stay tuned for more info…

Firstly, Its simple… Rule No. 1. Don’t forward emails to everyone in your address book. Why? I hear you say, Read on…

What Are Internet Hoaxes and Chain Letters?

Internet hoaxes and chain letters are e-mail messages written with one purpose; to be sent to everyone you know. The messages they contain are usually untrue. A few of the sympathy messages do describe a real situation but that situation was resolved years ago so the message is not valid and has not been valid for many years. Hoax messages try to get you to pass them on to everyone you know using several different methods of social engineering. Most of the hoax messages play on your need to help other people. Who wouldn’t want to warn their friends about some terrible virus that is destroying people’s systems? Or, how could you not want to help this poor little girl who is about to die from cancer? It is hard to say no to these messages when you first see them, though after a few thousand have passed through your mail box you (hopefully) delete them without even looking.

Chain letters are lumped in with the hoax messages because they have the same purpose as the hoax messages but use a slightly different method of coercing you into passing them on to everyone you know.

Chain letters, like their printed ancestors, generally offer luck or money if you send them on. They play on your fear of bad luck and the realisation that it is almost trivial for you to send them on. The chain letters that deal in money play on people’s greed and are illegal no matter what they say in the letter.

The Risk and Cost of Hoaxes

The cost and risk associated with hoaxes may not seem to be that high, and isn’t when you consider the cost of handling one hoax on one machine. However, if you consider everyone that receives a hoax, that small cost gets multiplied into some pretty significant costs. For example, if everyone on the Internet were to receive one hoax message and spend one minute reading and discarding it, the cost would be something like:

50,000,000 people * 1/60 hour * £50/hour = £41.7 million

Most people have seen far more than one hoax message and many people cost a business far more than £50 per hour when you add in benefits and overhead. The result is not a small number.

Probably the biggest risk for hoax messages is their ability to multiply. Most people send on the hoax messages to everyone in their address books but consider if they only sent them on to 10 people. The first person (the first generation) sends it to 10, each member of that group of 10 (the second generation) sends it to 10 others or 100 messages and so on.

As you can see, by the sixth generation there are a million e-mail messages being processed by our mail servers. The capacity to handle these messages must be paid for by the users or, if it is not paid for, the mail servers slow down to a crawl or crash. Note that this example only forwards the message to 10 people at each generation while people who forward real hoax messages often send them to many times that number.

Recently, we have been hearing of spammers (bulk mailers of unsolicited mail) harvesting e-mail addresses from hoaxes and chain letters. After a few generations, many of these letters contain hundreds of good addresses, which is just what the spammers want. We have also heard rumors that spammers are deliberately starting hoaxes and chain letters to gather e-mail addresses (of course, that could be a hoax). So now, all those nice people who were so worried about the poor little girl dying of cancer find themselves not only laughed at for passing on a hoax but also the recipients of tons of spam mail.

How to Recognize a Hoax

Probably the first thing you should notice about a warning is the request to “send this to everyone you know” or some variant of that statement. This should raise a red flag that the warning is probably a hoax. No real warning message from a credible source will tell you to send this to everyone you know.

Next, look at what makes a successful hoax. There are two known factors that make a successful hoax, they are:

(1) technical sounding language
(2) credibility by association

If the warning uses the proper technical jargon, most individuals, including technologically savvy individuals, tend to believe the warning is real. For example, the Good Times hoax says that “…if the program is not stopped, the computer’s processor will be placed in an nth-complexity infinite binary loop which can severely damage the processor…”. The first time you read this, it sounds like it might be something real. With a little research, you find that there is no such thing as an nth-complexity infinite binary loop and that processors are designed to run loops for weeks at a time without damage.

When we say credibility by association we are referring to who sent the warning. If the janitor at a large technological organization sends a warning to someone outside of that organization, people on the outside tend to believe the warning because the company should know about those things. Even though the person sending the warning may not have a clue what he is talking about, the prestige of the company backs the warning, making it appear real. If a manager at the company sends the warning, the message is doubly backed by the company’s and the manager’s reputations.

Both of these items make it very difficult to claim a warning is a hoax so you must do your homework to see if the claims are real and if the person sending out the warning is a real person and is someone who would know what they are talking about. You do need to be a little careful verifying the person as the apparent author may be a real person who has nothing to do with the hoax. If thousands of people start sending them mail asking if the message is real, that essentially constitutes an unintentional denial of service attack on that person. Check the person’s web site or the person’s company web site to see if the hoax has been responded to there. Check these pages or the pages of other hoax sites to see if we have already declared the warning a hoax.

Hoax messages also follow the same pattern as a chain letter (see below).

Recognizing a Chain Letter

Chain letters and most hoax messages all have a similar pattern. From the older printed letters to the newer electronic kind, they all have three recognizable parts:

A hook.
A threat.
A request.

The Hook

First, there is a hook, to catch your interest and get you to read the rest of the letter. Hooks used to be “Make Money Fast” or “Get Rich” or similar statements related to making money for little or no work. Electronic chain letters also use the “free money” type of hooks, but have added hooks like “Danger!” and “Virus Alert” or “A Little Girl Is Dying”. These tie into our fear for the survival of our computers or into our sympathy for some poor unfortunate person.

The Threat

When you are hooked, you read on to the threat. Most threats used to warn you about the terrible things that will happen if you do not maintain the chain. However, others play on greed or sympathy to get you to pass the letter on. The threat often contains official or technical sounding language to get you to believe it is real.

The Request

Finally, the request. Some older chain letters ask you to mail a dollar to the top ten names on the letter and then pass it on. The electronic ones simply admonish you to “Distribute this letter to as many people as possible.” They never mention clogging the Internet or the fact that the message is a fake, they only want you to pass it on to others.

Chain letters usually do not have the name and contact information of the original sender so it is impossible to check on its authenticity. Legitimate warnings and solicitations will always have complete contact information from the person sending the message and will often be signed with a cryptographic signature, such as PGP to assure its authenticity. Many of the newer chain letters do have a person’s name and contact information but that person either does not really exist or does exist but does not have anything to do with the hoax message. As mentioned in the previous section, try to use other means than contacting the person directly to find out if the message is a hoax. Try the person’s web page, the person’s company web page, or this and other hoax sites first to see if the message has already been declared a hoax.

For example, the PENPAL GREETINGS! hoax shown below appears to be an attempt to kill an e-mail chain letter. This chain letter is a hoax because reading a text e-mail message does not execute a virus nor does it execute any attachments; therefore the Trojan horse must be self starting. Aside from the fact that a program cannot start itself, the Trojan horse would have to know about every different kind of e-mail program to be able to forward copies of itself to other people. We have had to modify this statement slightly for the newer html mail readers. If a mail message is formatted with html and contains scripts, those scripts will run when the e-mail message is read. Active scripting should always be turned off for a mail reader so that malicious code like the KAK worm cannot automatically run.

Notice the three parts of a chain letter, which are easy to identify in this example.

The Hook

FYI!

Subject: Virus Alert
Importance: High
If anyone receives mail entitled: PENPAL GREETINGS! please delete it WITHOUT
reading it. Below is a little explanation of the message, and what it would
do to your PC if you were to read the message. If you have any questions or
concerns please contact SAF-IA Info Office on 697-5059.

The Threat

This is a warning for all internet users – there is a dangerous virus
propagatingacross the internet through an e-mail message entitled “PENPAL
GREETINGS!”.
DO NOT DOWNLOAD ANY MESSAGE ENTITLED “PENPAL GREETINGS!”
This message appears to be a friendly letter asking you if you are
interested in a penpal, but by the time you read this letter, it is too late.
The “trojan horse” virus will have already infected the boot sector of your hard
drive, destroying all of the data present. It is a self-replicating virus,
and once the message is read, it will AUTOMATICALLY forward itself to anyone
who’s e-mail address is present in YOUR mailbox!
This virus will DESTROY your hard drive, and holds the potential to DESTROY
the hard drive of anyone whose mail is in your inbox, and who’s mail is in
their inbox, and so on. If this virus remains unchecked, it has the potential
to do a great deal of DAMAGE to computer networks worldwide!!!!
Please, delete the message entitled “PENPAL GREETINGS!” as soon as you see it!

The Request

And pass this message along to all of your friends and relatives, and the
other readers of the newsgroups and mailing lists which you are on, so that
they are not hurt by this dangerous virus!!!!

Validating a Warning

CIAC recommends that you DO NOT circulate warnings without first checking with an authoritative source. Authoritative sources are your computer system security administrator, your computer incident handling team, or your antivirus vendor. Real warnings about viruses and other network problems are issued by computer security response teams (CIAC, CERT, ASSIST, NASIRC, etc.) and are digitally signed by the sending team using PGP. If you download a warning from a team’s web site or validate the PGP signature, you can usually be assured that the warning is real. Warnings without the name of the person sending the original notice, or warnings with names, addresses and phone numbers that do not actually exist are probably hoaxes. Warnings about new malicious code are also available at the antivirus vendors sites and at the operating system’s vendor site.

Companies like Microsoft will not send out mass emails explaining Budwieser frog screensavers or possible virus threats and they certainly do not give out money for Beta Testing.

What to Do When You Receive a Warning

Upon receiving a warning, you should examine its PGP signature to see that it is from a real response team or antivirus organization. To do so, you will need a copy of the PGP software and the public signature of the team that sent the message. The CIAC signature is available at the CIAC home page: http://ciac.llnl.gov/ You can find the addresses of other response teams by connecting to the FIRST web page at: http://www.first.org. If there is no PGP signature, check at this and other hoax sites to see if the warning has already been declared as a hoax. If you do not find the warning at the hoax sites, it just may mean that we have not yet seen this particular hoax.

See if the warning includes the name of the person submitting the original warning. If it does, see if you can determine if the person really exists. If they do, don’t send them an e-mail message. It is likely that they have nothing to do with this hoax and thousands of people sending them questions will be just as damaging to them as sending around the hoax message. Instead, check their personal or company web site. Often if a person has been the brunt of a hoax, that hoax message will be debunked on the person’s company web site. If you still cannot determine if a message is real or a hoax, send it to your computer security manager, your ISP, or your incident response team and let them validate it.

When in Doubt, Don’t Send It Out

In addition, most anti-virus companies have a web page containing information about most known viruses and hoaxes. You can also call or check the web site of the company that produces the product that is supposed to contain the virus. One such site is Hoax Slayer, run by Brett Christensen.

Why People Send Chain Letters and Hoax Messages

Only the original writer knows the real reason, but some possibilities are:

• To gather Email addresses to go on a Spam List
• To see how far a letter will go
• To harass another person (include an e-mail address and ask everyone to send mail to, e.g. Michael Knight)
• To bilk money out of people using a pyramid scheme
• To kill some other chain letter (e.g. Make Money Fast)
• To damage a person’s or organisation’s reputation

History of Virus Hoaxes

Since 1988, computer virus hoaxes have been circulating the Internet. In October of that year,  one of the first virus hoaxes was the 2400 baud modem virus:

SUBJ: Really Nasty Virus
AREA: GENERAL (1)

I’ve just discovered probably the world’s worst computer virus
yet. I had just finished a late night session of BBS’ing and file
treading when I exited Telix 3 and attempted to run pkxarc to
unarc the software I had downloaded. Next thing I knew my hard
disk was seeking all over and it was apparently writing random
sectors. Thank god for strong coffee and a recent backup.
Everything was back to normal, so I called the BBS again and
downloaded a file. When I went to use ddir to list the directory,
my hard disk was getting trashed again. I tried Procomm Plus TD
and also PC Talk 3. Same results every time. Something was up so I
hooked up to my test equipment and different modems (I do research
and development for a local computer telecommunications company
and have an in-house lab at my disposal). After another hour of
corrupted hard drives I found what I think is the world’s worst
computer virus yet. The virus distributes itself on the modem sub-
carrier present in all 2400 baud and up modems. The sub-carrier is
used for ROM and register debugging purposes only, and otherwise
serves no othr (sp) purpose. The virus sets a bit pattern in one
of the internal modem registers, but it seemed to screw up the
other registers on my USR. A modem that has been “infected” with
this virus will then transmit the virus to other modems that use a
subcarrier (I suppose those who use 300 and 1200 baud modems
should be immune). The virus then attaches itself to all binary
incoming data and infects the host computer’s hard disk. The only
way to get rid of this virus is to completely reset all the modem
registers by hand, but I haven’t found a way to vaccinate a modem
against the virus, but there is the possibility of building a
subcarrier filter. I am calling on a 1200 baud modem to enter this
message, and have advised the sysops of the two other boards
(names withheld). I don’t know how this virus originated, but I’m
sure it is the work of someone in the computer telecommunications
field such as myself. Probably the best thing to do now is to
stick to 1200 baud until we figure this thing out.

Mike RoChenle

This bogus virus description spawned a humorous alert (even in my own inbox) by Robert Morris III :

Date: 11-31-88 (24:60) Number: 32769
To: ALL Refer#: NONE
From: ROBERT MORRIS III Read: (N/A)
Subj: VIRUS ALERT Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE

Warning: There’s a new virus on the loose that’s worse than
anything I’ve seen before! It gets in through the power line,
riding on the powerline 60 Hz subcarrier. It works by changing the
serial port pinouts, and by reversing the direction one’s disks
spin. Over 300,000 systems have been hit by it here in Murphy,
West Dakota alone! And that’s just in the last 12 minutes.

It attacks DOS, Unix, TOPS-20, Apple-II, VMS, MVS, Multics, Mac,
RSX-11, ITS, TRS-80, and VHS systems.

To prevent the spresd of the worm:

1) Don’t use the powerline.
2) Don’t use batteries either, since there are rumors that this
virus has invaded most major battery plants and is infecting the
positive poles of the batteries. (You might try hooking up just
the negative pole.)
3) Don’t upload or download files.
4) Don’t store files on floppy disks or hard disks.
5) Don’t read messages. Not even this one!
6) Don’t use serial ports, modems, or phone lines.
7) Don’t use keyboards, screens, or printers.
8) Don’t use switches, CPUs, memories, microprocessors, or
mainframes.
9) Don’t use electric lights, electric or gas heat or
air conditioning, running water, writing, fire, clothing or the
wheel.

I’m sure if we are all careful to follow these 9 easy steps, this
virus can be eradicated, and the precious electronic flui9ds of
our computers can be kept pure.

—RTM III

Since that time virus hoaxes have flooded the Internet.With thousands of viruses worldwide, virus paranoia in the community has risen to an extremely high level. It is this paranoia that fuels virus hoaxes. A good example of this behavior is the “Good Times” virus hoax which started in 1994 and is still circulating the Internet today. Instead of spreading from one computer to another by itself, Good Times relies on people to pass it along.

If you need to forward anything to more than 1 person, Please use the BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) field, thus breaking the chain. I hate getting these mails from people, and when I tell them they are fake they never believe me thus always having to prove it.

If you need help or more information, contact me.